Eating Disorders and the Media Essay -- anorexia nervosa and bulimia n

Eating Disorders and the Media Doctors annually diagnose millions of Americans with eating disorders. Of those diagnosed, ninety percent are women. Most of these women have one of the two most common types of eating disorders: anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa (National Council on Eating Disorders, 2004). People with anorexia nervosa experience heart muscle shrinkage along with slow and irregular heartbeats and eventually heart failure. Along with their heart, their kidney, digestive system and muscles often fail them. The mortality rate of anorexia is twenty percent, which is the highest of any psychiatric disorder. People with bulimia nervosa experience erosion of their teeth, irritation and rips in their throat, stomach, and esophagus, and develop a dependency on laxatives. These symptoms occur along with the same symptoms that anorexics suffer. One third of people with eating disorders never fully recover. Instead, according to eating disorder researchers, they experience â€Å"repeating wavelike patterns of disease and recovery [and] seldom return to a state of normal eating† (D'Abundo & Chally, 2004; National Council on Eating Disorders, 2004). How can a female choose to force her body into a state of living decay? In this paper, I have discussed the complex interaction of media and young women. I have also proposed solutions that might help activists interested in lessening the chances of girls developing eating disorders. In the literature review, I focus on the scholarly work conducted to understand how consumption of certain media interacts with low self-esteem to cause young females to want to fit the societal norm of being thin. This drive for thinness in young women can cause eating disorders. Th... ...urrent Directions in Psychological Science, 10(5), 181-183. Thomsen, S. (2002). Health and Beauty Magazine Reading and Body Shape Concerns Among a Group of College Women. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, (79) 4, 988-1007. Tyner, T. (1992). Implementation: The Next Step. Strategies for Media Literacy Quarterly. Walsh, B. (2004). A Plea for Expanded Media Literacy. Retrieved on December 8, 2004, from http://interact.uoregon.edu/MediaLit/mlr/readings/articles/kubey.html. Wade, T. Davidson, S. & O’Dea, J. (2002). A Preliminary Controlled Evaluation of a School-Based Media Literacy Program and Self-Esteem Program for Reducing Eating Disorder Risk Factors. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 371 – 383. Zajonc, R. (2001). Mere Exposure: A gateway to the Subliminal. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10(6), 224-228.

Corporate Re-initiation as a Change-Management Program Essay

Corporate organizations have adopted a number of knighthood-based investitures as methods to infuse the delicate but significant management of change among their old/senior managers.   A number of published business reviews state that the Japanese and Danish shipping companies are known for their unique change management techniques through â€Å"initiations† or corporate â€Å"baptisms of fire†, where the old-school managers are guaranteed to taste a military-style right of passage in these companies that would comprise all phases of the change process from shock to integration (Recklies). It is true enough that change management through retraining or managerial initiation is a tried and tested military method of producing good commanders for facing an ever-changing brutal field, and the design of such change management initiations has shaped the right of passage for their civilian corporate counterparts.   Essentially, a good initiation must be anchored on the scientifically-established phases of change, to provide the mental and strategic framework for leadership renewal.   One can only contemplate on the complexity of designing an effective initiation process and their phases on changing the character of the trainee into a newly refreshed manager. Departmental/Field Rotation Since experience is thought of as the best teacher, re-initiation should be conducted mostly on the field.   The manager-trainee must spend one month working in each department/division of the company.   The job for Week One must involve the lowest and dirtiest chores to provide the shock or surprise therapy.   For our shipping company example, s/he can man the forklift, move crates/boxes etc., to erase his /her alienation with the lowest level of employees and learn to confront unexpected situations on the ground level.    Week Two must involve more technical tasks, such as ship communications and radio coordination.   Then the trainee must progress up the department’s ladder in Week Three, manning a team (or teams) in the department to achieve the rational understanding and emotional acceptance phases, for it is in these ground teams that the usual crises spur up.   Then on Week Four, the re-trainee will supervise the whole department. For each first Friday of the month, the trainee must answer an exam issued by the head of the department to evaluate his/her performance and document his/her character change for the past month.   After this, the trainee must then be rotated to another department, starting from the ground-up again, then another exam, until s/he comes across all departments to implement the exercising and learning and phase, where the manager tries new behaviors and processes while adapting totally new departmental environments This program sounds very exciting for a multinational shipping company with operations (and offices) across the world, requiring the trainee(s) to travel and spend time in both functional and geographical field departments.   For optimum learning experience for the future manager, this departmental rotation must be done within 12 months, then a comprehensive exam to asses the trainee’s management horizon and newly-learned expertise.   But the designed program must not end in departmental management, for there is still the higher-level management to teach. High-level Management Now that our trainee had valuable experience in the departments and field offices, s/he should master the main office and its worldwide coordinating patterns/styles.   S/he could be in charge of a section of the coordinating network of the logistics and sea transportation form, while attending mandatory classes on advanced, MBA-level economics, customs and trade management during the weekends, all expenses paid by the company, this conducive to the realization phase of change where new experiences and insights are encountered and related into company policy and strategy.   This high-level management part should go on for another year, to ensure that our trainee can relate his/her departmental/field experience to the theoretical/conceptual nature of top-level management, thus achieving the integration phase. At the end of this program, the manager is expected to have a healthy mix of experiencing the harsh field offices/departments and the stressful solitude of the main office.   The main purpose of mixing, creating a blend of experiences is to build upon the manager an ability to empathize on real business challenges and real-life operations, that in case problems arise, our trainee can confidently resolve new and inevitable crises, then shape company policy for success.   In designing a training program, one must achieve a character change that is holistic and balanced. Reference The Maersk Group. (2007). A Global Way to Work. Retrieved February 2, 2008, from http://www.mise.edu/. Recklies, O. (no date). Managing Change: Definition and Phases in Change Processes. Retrieved February 2, 2008, from http://www.themanager.org/Strategy/Change_Phases.htm.

The Colonization Of The Middle East - 1642 Words

Many of the problems in the Middle East today are a direct result of actions undertaken in the region s colonial past. I will argue that both imperialist ineptitude, deliberate meddling and outright deceit by colonial powers have sown seeds of distrust that linger in the Middle East today towards the West. I will claim that artificial boundaries, government structures and societal schisms created in colonial times have entrenched animosities and created internal structural instabilities in the area that are still being resolved. The imposition of Israel into Palestine, I will argue, remains an unresolved product of colonial rule. I will discuss how the discovery of oil and the regions importance as a trade route caused the World Powers to remain engaged in the area and oppressive in their demeanour. Finally I will argue that perhaps the greatest ongoing legacy of colonialism in the Middle east is an imperialist attitude by the west which continues to this day. Different regions in the Middle East have different experienced different levels of colonialism. Prior to the First World War some regions of the Ottoman Empire were already under the influence of European countries (Owen 2006, p. 23). Between the first and second world wars most of the empire was formally divided between, and under the control of, Britain and France (Owen 2006, p. 25) and even after the second world war European influence lingered. Cole and Kandiyoti describe these periods as informal imperialismShow MoreRelatedThe Colonization Of Egypt During The Middle East1460 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Arab world and the Middle East. The 1800 s were known as the colonial era, and most of the occupation in the Middle East took place during that era. While we are supposedly living in the days of post colonialism†, there are still signs of colonization evident in the Arab world today. Throughout the readings of Fatima Mernissi and Ahdaf Soueif, the reader comes across the th eme of colonization. The British colonization of Egypt is very similar to the French colonization of Morocco during theRead MoreThe Common Elements Of Colonization Movements Of South Asia, The Middle East, And Africa780 Words   |  4 Pages1. Discuss the common elements of colonization movements in south Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. Nearly all nationalist movements were led by Western-educated elites who often had previous experience in the colonial administration. Also, there often was a fascinating leader like Gandhi or Nkrumah. With the exception of the settler colonies and in the Middle East, decolonization usually was achieved by peaceful confrontation on the model of India. In settler territories, European populations stoppedRead MoreWhy Did The Muslim World?1162 Words   |  5 PagesEuropean powers colonized the New World. Yet when looking at the Muslim contemporaries, the Ottoman, Persian and Mughal Empires did not set sail for new land like their Western counterparts. Why did the Muslim world not partake in exploration and colonization of the New World, despite having equivalent wealth and technology? Factors limiting the Ottoman and Mughal Empires colonial participation include, their status as large, land based countries with significant resources and prosperous trade withinRead MoreAfrican Slavery A nd The New World s Demographic Profile1014 Words   |  5 Pagesmaintenance, acquisition, and expansion of colony in one territory by a political power from another territory. It is a set of unequal relationships between the colonial power and the colony and often between the colonists and the indigenous population. Colonization is the act of setting up a colony away from one s place of origin. Colonists settled British North America for different reasons. Some came for profits; others came for religious freedom. For those colonies established for profit, the BritishRead MoreThe Social Contract Of The Middle East Essay1431 Words   |  6 Pagesmost prominently in the Western world, due to the development of these social contracts alongside that of governments of Western nations. But the abstract roots of these theories on the foundation of government are applicable to all peoples. The Middle East is of particular interest due to the recent outcries and protests against governments in the region. Looking at these nations and events through the lens of these social contracts is complicated by the historical lack of consent on part of the peopleRead MoreThe abolition of slavery in Africa and the Middle East Essay1003 Words   |  5 Pages The abolition of slavery in Africa and the Middle East can be seen from different perspectives. One of them, it is from the international pressure to abolish slavery in Africa and Middle East. The British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society, was one of the most active institutions in looking for suppression of slavery, in India, Africa and the Middle East.2 They pushed to British government to take direct actions in abolish Indian slavery, and indirect actions on non-European regions were slavery wasRead MoreThe Atlantic And East Asian Colonization1074 Words   |  5 Pagescountry do you realize that they are mostly not native to our country. If they re not native, where do they come from. The answer is the European colonization. We all know about Christopher Columbus and the Columbian exchange, the most infamous exploration of the world. But, we must dig deeper. It all first began in Portugal who wanted a quicker way to access East Asia by going around Africa, but who would know that this would change the world entirely forever. Bringing animals, a new wave of people, andRead MoreAladdin And Orientalism : A Little Bit Of The Middle East1239 Words   |  5 Pagesthought that the movie Aladdin had more to it than just showing a little bit of the Middle East? That is because the movie Aladdin shows Orientalism in many ways. Orientalism is a canonical text of cultural studies where Said has challenged the concept of Orientalism by: the difference between east and west, the start of European colonization the Europeans came in contact with the lesser developed countries of the east and found their civilization and culture very exotic and established the scienceRead MoreThirteen Colonies and New England944 Words   |  4 PagesCHAPTER 3 Settling the Northern Colonies, 1619–1700 Focus Questions 1. What religious turmoil in the Old World resulted in the little colony of Plymouth in the New World? 2. Why was the initial and subsequent colonization of the Massachusetts Bay Colony more successful than Plymouth? 3. How did the colony of Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay Colony contribute to the origins of American independence and government? What were the contributions to American independence and government fromRead MoreThe past 60 years in the Middle East have been compiled of political, territorial and religious1100 Words   |  5 Pages The past 60 years in the Middle East have been compiled of political, territorial and religious turmoil. Despite the numerous wars and conflicts found throughout the history of this region, problems within the last half-century followed the 1967 War. The consequences that followed not only succeeded into further conflicts, but also established an underlying future for the region. Whether it determined alliances, enemies or configuration, the 1967 War laid out the preliminary foundation for its